January 16, 2026
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Author: Chris Micheli

Chris Micheli is an attorney and lobbyist with Snodgrass & Micheli, LLC, as well as an Adjunct Professor at McGeorge School of Law.

Frequently Asked Questions about Placeholder Bills

January 6, 2024   7:43 amJanuary 6, 2024   7:43 am
What is a “placeholder bill” in the California Legislature? It is an introduced bill that does not contain substantive law changes. It is intended to save a place for future amendments. What are the types of placeholder bills? Spot bills,...
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Frequently Asked Questions about Informational and Oversight Hearings in the California Legislature

January 6, 2024   2:30 amJanuary 6, 2024   2:31 am
Committees of the California Legislature can conduct several types of hearings, including bill hearings, investigative or oversight hearings, and informational hearings. What are bill hearings? They are those that are conducted to hear specific pieces of legislation, including bills, resolutions,...
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2-Year Bills in the Appropriations Committee

January 5, 2024   9:56 amJanuary 5, 2024   9:56 am
The approach to dealing with bills in the California Legislature has been to distinguish bills held in the respective Appropriations Committees as a permanent hold, or a 2-year bill. Article IV, Section 10(c) provides, in part: “(c) Any bill introduced during...
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Frequently Asked Questions about Gut-and-Amend Bills

January 5, 2024   2:35 amJanuary 5, 2024   2:36 am
What is a “gut-and-amend bill”? According to the California Office of Legislative Counsel, these measures are “when amendments to a bill remove the current contents in their entirety and replace them with different provisions.” What legislative rule is invoked with...
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Frequently Asked Questions About California Bills

January 4, 2024   2:30 amJanuary 4, 2024   2:31 am
Do only urgency clause bills take effect immediately? Under Article IV, Section 8(c)(3) of the California Constitution, “statutes calling elections, statutes providing for tax levies or appropriations for the usual current expenses of the State, and urgency statutes shall go...
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Frequently Asked Questions about Finding California Laws

January 3, 2024   2:45 amJanuary 3, 2024   2:46 am
Where are the three main sources of California laws? Like the federal government, California laws are found in three places: the State Constitution, statutes (the Codes), and regulations (the Titles). What is the hierarchy of laws in California? It is...
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Frequently Asked Questions about Drafting Rules for Specific Types of Bills

January 2, 2024   2:30 amJanuary 2, 2024   1:47 pm
How many main requirements are there for an appropriations bill? There are three major requirements for drafting bills that make an appropriation of funds. What is the first requirement for drafting an appropriation bill? In the Relating Clause, the following...
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