The California Penal Code is one of 29 Codes that contain state statutes. The Penal Code contains 6 Parts. There are also numerous parts, chapters, and articles containing hundreds of code sections, or individual statutes. The following is a broad...
In the California Legislature, there is an order to listing a bill’s authors and co-authors and there are different types of co-authors. So, what is that order? As an initial matter, there is Joint Rule 10.7, titled “Heading of Bills,”...
When the California Legislature proposes legislation involving higher education employer-employee relations, the Legislature is bound by any memorandum of understanding (MOU) that may be in place. For example, if the Legislature wants to require the California State University to create...
Even though a statute is created by a bill (or by an initiative measure), the California Legislature in certain instances must place a bill before the voters. According to Elections Code Section 9040: Every constitutional amendment, bond measure, or other...
Bills in the California Legislature can do one of three things or a combination of those three: Add a statute; amend a statute; or, repeal a statute. Bills can be found at the following website: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ This website is maintained...
When attorneys in the Office of Legislative Counsel are drafting bills for California legislators, they often delete the word “includes” and substitute it with the word “means.” Why is that being done by these legislative lawyers? The following example comes...
While continuing to read through proposed new laws for the 2022 California Legislative Session, I occasionally come by a bill that uses the term “construed” and it mostly is used in a negative form. The word “construe” basically means to...